#immunology #biology #autoimmunedisease #
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This is the first lecture in a case based review of imaging of the brain and spine for autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. We will cover the MRI findings of some of the common conditions and some potential pitfalls and mimics.

This first lecture covers demyelinating disease, with the most common being multiple sclerosis (or MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). These are all demyelinating/autoimmune conditions in which the brain loses its normal myelination.

2:52 Multiple sclerosis
MS is the most common demyelinating disease, affecting women more than men, with 2 age distribution peaks in younger and middle age women. MS commonly presents with optic nerve or visual symptoms, affects the brain more commonly than the spine, and can result in short segment spine lesions.

5:27 Neuromyelitis optica

Neuromyelitis optica, or NMO, is an autoimmune disease characterized by predominantly optic nerve and spine lesions. It is often associated with an antibody to aquaporin 4.

8:53 Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
ADEM is an acute fulminant demyelinating syndrome characterized by acute onset and often many supratentorial lesions. The majority of patients recover, although some may have residual symptoms and it can even progress to death.

11:48 Acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM)
AHEM is a closely related variant of ADEM which is associated with hemorrhage.

13:24 Susac syndrome
Susac syndrome is a small vessel vasculitis with small vessel infarcts, most commonly in the retina, cochlea, and periventricular white matter and corpus callosum. It can frequently mimic demyelinating disease because the distribution of lesions is similar.

14:44 Summary and Conclusion

The level of this lecture is appropriate for radiology residents, radiology fellows, and trainees in other specialties, such as neurology, who have an interest in neuroradiology or may see patients with CNS demyelinating or inflammatory conditions.

Check out this video and additional content on http://www.learnneuroradiology.com
#neuroradiology #radiology #demyelination

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Dr. Matilda Hagan, with Mercy Medical Center, talks about Crohn’s disease.
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) or acid reflux is a common condition. Samantha Mudd, PA, discusses symptoms of GERD and ways that practitioners diagnose and treat it, which include lifestyle modifications or medications. Chronic GERD that goes untreated can lead to more serious complications, including cancer of the esophagus.

If you have a concern about your acid reflux, call (616) 546-9093 for an appointment with the experts at Holland Hospital Gastroenterology.

https://www.hollandhospital.org/find-a-service/gastroenterology

#hollandhospital #hollandmichigan #gastroenterologist #gerd #gerdtreatment
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Learn acid reflux treatment for acid reflux symptoms with home remedy and diet advice to stop symptoms!

WHY ACID REFLUX:
Heartburn is a burning feeling in the chest caused by stomach acid travelling up towards the throat know as acid reflux. If it keeps happening, it’s called gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD in the UK) or (GERD in the USA).

Acid reflux is very common in fact 1 in 10 people get acid reflux almost every day! In this weeks video I’m going to give you some great tips that should really help.

BRIOSCHI DIGESTIVE AID:
This video was sponsored by Brioschi – The fast acting digestive aid that has been a part of Italian homes for over 100 years, which has now reached the US and Canada. Learn more about Brioschi today!
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MAIN SYMPTOMS OF ACID REFLUX:
• Heartburn – a burning sensation in the middle of your chest
• An unpleasant sour taste in your mouth, caused by stomach acid

You may also have:
• Cough or hiccups that keep coming back
• Hoarse voice
• Bad breath
• Wind, Bloating and feeling sick
• Your symptoms will probably be worse after eating, when lying down and when bending over.

WHEN TO SEE YOUR DOCTOR FOR HEARTBURN:
Any of the following red flags should prompt you to urgently see a GP:
• Have heartburn most days for 3 weeks or more
• Have other symptoms, like food getting stuck in your throat or difficulty swallowing
• Are frequently being sick
• Have unexplained weight loss
• Have black or tarry stools
• Have a gnawing, sharp or stabbing pain.
• Feel like you have a lump in your stomach
• Have bloody vomit or poo

I have tried my best to add as many red flag symptoms but incase I have missed anything please make sure to visit the following pages as well,

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heartburn-and-acid-reflux/
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/indigestion/

MEDICAL ADVICE DISCLAIMER:
All content in this video and description including: information, opinions, content, references and links is for informational purposes only. The Author does not provide any medical advice on the Site. Accessing, viewing, reading or otherwise using this content does NOT create a physician patient relationship between you and it’s author. Providing personal or medical information to the Principal author does not create a physician patient relationship between you and the Principal author or authors. Nothing contained in this video or it’s description is intended to establish a physician patient relationship, to replace the services of a trained physician or health care professional, or otherwise to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You should consult a licensed physician or appropriately credentialed health care worker in your community in all matters relating to your health.

About this video: Searching acid reflux treatment? In this video, Advanced Medical Practitioner Abraham Khodadi, MPharm(Hons)IPresc MScACP shares acid reflux symptoms with home remedy and diet advice to stop symptoms!
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Today we are discussing kidney failure symptoms, the signs of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many of my patients whom I diagnose had no idea of the kidney failure symptoms. Many of them were also unaware that they were even at risk for kidney failure or kidney disease.

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Whether you realize it or not, you know of many people who are living with kidney disease, including Selena Gomez, Nick Cannon, Tracy Morgan, George Lopez. Over 37 million Americans are living with kidney disease and many of them don’t even know it. If you had symptoms of kidney failure, wouldn’t you want to know? Well, today we are discussing 10 symptoms of kidney failure. Keep watching.

1. Fatigue
2. Insomnia
3. Pruritus
4. Urinating Frequently
5. Bubbly or Foamy Urine
6. Leg or Ankle Swelling
7. Loss of Appetite
8. Nausea and Vomiting
9. A Bad Taste in your Mouth or Bad Breath
10. Tremor or The Shakes

These are just some of the kidney failure symptoms. There are many, many more, including memory loss. Oh and there’s one important symptom of kidney failure, no symptom. Early on in kidney disease, you may have no symptoms at all. That is why it is so important that you see your primary care physician, ask to be screened for kidney disease, and find out what your risk factors are. You want to stay healthy. Another way to stay healthy is to download my free PDF, 10 Healthy Habits For A Better You And A Better Life. This is a healthy habits checklist that I use personally. It works for me and I believe that it will work for you too.

This video is intended to be informational only. It is not a medical consultation, nor is it personalized medical advice. For medical advice, please consult your physician.
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Watch this video and other videos at Chihuahua and Friends @jamesf11383 . Please like, share and subscribe for free. Thank you for watching

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There are so many procedures and tests that patients with Crohns Disease must go through! Which procedures are most effective for people with Crohns Disease?

In this video, I discuss what my preferred procedure is for eople with Crohns Disease, which other procedures are useful, which radiology tests are helpful, which radiology test do I suggest, what is the best way to evaluate fistulas, and if an MRI isn’t available what test should I get?

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Be Sure to Check Out Other Relevant Content:
– Understand the Different Types of Crohn’s Fistulas: https://youtu.be/aIckKgmQLZA
– Why These Symptoms Occur in Crohn’s Disease: https://youtu.be/PwIyQfwms9U

DISCLAIMER: While I am a Gastroenterologist, I am not acting as your Gastroenterologist. The information provided on this channel is intended to be general educational content and not directed towards any one individual. If you believe you have a medical condition that deserves attention please seek care from your healthcare provider. If you are experiencing a life threatening emergency, call 911.
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DKD, or diabetic nephropathy: pathophysiology, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis and management. For patient education. This video is available for instant download licensing here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/narrated-videos-by-topics/diabetes/-/medias/0079bcc6-2a8f-48d6-947d-57b464d2e271-diabetic-kidney-disease-narrated-animation
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Voice by : Marty Henne
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All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Diabetic kidney disease, or diabetic nephropathy, is kidney disease caused by diabetes. It’s a very common diabetic complication, affecting about one third of people with diabetes type 1, and half of those with diabetes type 2. Diabetic kidney disease is responsible for most of the excess mortality associated with diabetes.
Because the kidneys remove metabolic wastes, control blood pH, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as produce several hormones; loss of kidney function results in accumulation of toxic wastes, electrolyte imbalances, and a number of other health problems.
The disease develops slowly over time, progressing from renal insufficiency to end-stage renal failure. Often, initial loss of renal tissue does not produce any symptoms. Symptoms typically appear when a significant portion of kidney function is already lost. The ability to concentrate urine is usually the first to be impaired, resulting in frequent trips to the bathroom, especially at night. Other early signs include fatigue, loss of appetite, and decreased mental ability.
Chronic high blood glucose levels, together with high blood pressure caused by diabetes, bring damage to tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, affecting their functions. Cellular degeneration in the functional units of the kidneys, the nephrons, in particular the podocytes of renal glomeruli, further contributes to the impairment of renal functions.
Diabetes, especially when poorly managed, is the biggest risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Other risk factors are the same as those for high blood pressure and include smoking, having high cholesterol levels, and being overweight.
Because initial loss of renal tissue does not produce any symptoms, it is important for diabetic patients to test annually for kidney functions. The tests typically include blood and urine analysis.
Prevention and management strategies consist of controlling blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels; all of which can be achieved with a combination of lifestyle changes and medications.
Lifestyle measures typically include a healthy diet with low salt intake, increased physical activity, weight management, and smoking cessation.
Among all blood pressure lowering medications, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, which block the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, work best to protect kidney functions.
End-stage kidney disease requires dialysis or kidney transplantation.

Chronic Kidney Disease | CKD | kidney disease symptoms | kidney failure | how to reverse kidney disease | kidney disease prognosis | kidney disease signs

10 signs and symptoms of chronic kidney diseases, and 9 measures to lower your risk.

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive condition. Chronic kidney disease is more prevalent in older individuals, women and in people experiencing diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

Sign and symptoms that may be seen in kidney diseases:

Tiredness, having less energy or having trouble concentrating. 
Trouble sleeping
Dry and itchy skin 
Urge to urinate more often
Blood in your urine
Your urine is foamy
Puffy eyes
Swollen ankles and feet 
Poor appetite
Muscle cramping.

Few Golden Rules of Prevention to lower your chances of getting kidney disease are:

1. Getting regular check-ups with 2 simple tests: a urine test and blood test. A urine test called albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). A blood test called glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 

2. Maintaining Blood Pressure
High blood pressure can damage your kidneys and increase your chances of getting kidney disease. 

3. Manage Blood Sugar
High blood sugar levels can cause blood vessels inside the kidney to become narrow and clogged and can cause damage to the blood vessels and harm the kidneys. 

4. Eat a Healthy Diet
A healthy diet can help lower blood pressure and blood lipids (fat in the blood). 

5. Exercise
Exercise can help you keep a healthy weight, control blood pressure and cholesterol, build strength and endurance, and lower your chances of getting kidney disease. 

6. Quit Smoking
Smoking causes diseases in every organ of the body, including the kidneys. 

7. Do not overuse medicines:
Using too much pain medicine like NSAIDs may cause kidney disease.

8. Limit alcohol intake:
Alcohol increases your blood pressure. The extra calories in it can make you gain weight, too

10. Ask your health care provider the few questions about your kidney health that are mentioned in our video.

#kidneydisease
#kidneyhealth
#chronickidneydisease
#kidney

Medical disclaimer: Medinaz Academy does not provide medical advice. The content available in our books and videos, on our website, or on our social media handles do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. We intend to provide educational information only. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed health care provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition.

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(USMLE topics) Crohn disease: pathophysiology, symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications, diagnosis and treatments. This video is available for instant download licensing here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/narrated-videos-by-topics/digestive-diseases/-/medias/47f8d399-6671-487c-909c-2ed1eb5b6a77-crohn-s-disease-narrated-animation
Voice by: Ashley Fleming
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Support us on Patreon and get early access to videos and free image downloads: patreon.com/AlilaMedicalMedia
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Crohn’s disease is one of the 2 major forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation caused by Crohn’s disease may affect any parts of the gastrointestinal tract, but it most commonly involves the end of the small bowel, the ileum, and the beginning of the colon. The inflammation is not continuous, inflamed segments are usually interrupted by normal healthy tissues.
Most people experience recurrent flares, when the disease is active, followed by symptom-free periods of remission.
Symptoms may differ depending on the parts of the digestive tract that are affected. Most common signs include diarrhea, abdominal pain and tenderness, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue and fever. Blood in stools occurs when the colon is involved; nausea and vomiting are usually the signs that the stomach or the first part of the small intestine is affected. About one third of patients present with perianal disease, including abscess, fistulas and ulcers. The disease also often manifests outside the intestine, especially in the joints, skin, and eyes.
Inflammation in Crohn’s disease extends to the entire thickness of the intestinal wall. Deep lesions in the mucosa often alternate with areas of mucosal swelling, creating a characteristic cobblestoned appearance. Extensive inflammation may cause thickening of the bowel wall and hypertrophy of the mesenteric fat that wraps around the intestine (creeping fat). Intestinal wall thickening, together with scar formation, may block the flow of digestive content, leading to bowel obstruction. Ulcers can extend through the bowel wall and form tunnels, called fistulas, which may connect to other loops of the intestine, to abdominal organs, muscles and even skin. A fistula may become infected and form abscesses, which can be life-threatening if not treated. In the long-term, Crohn’s disease may increase risks for colon cancers.
The disease has a major peak of onset between the age of 20 and 30, and a smaller peak later in life. White individuals, people with family history, and smokers are at higher risks.
The exact mechanism of Crohn’s disease is not fully understood, but it likely involves both genetic and environmental factors. Multiple genes are identified, most of which act in the immune system, or in maintaining the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier. This barrier separates the gut content from the underlying immune system, preventing the body from reacting to dietary antigens and resident bacteria of the gut. A crack in the barrier may increase the chance that the immune system overreacts to non-pathogenic antigens from the gut content.
Involvement of environmental factors is evidenced by higher disease incidence in developed countries, especially urban areas.
Diagnosis is made based on a combination of tests and imaging procedures.
Treatments start with dietary management to maintain good nutrition but avoid foods that may exacerbate symptoms. Some patients may benefit from nutrition therapy, a special diet given via a feeding tube or injected into a vein. The therapy provides nutrition while allowing the bowel to rest, reducing inflammation.
A number of medications can be prescribed depending on disease severity and the patient’s response to different drugs. These may include: antidiarrheals, anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, corticosteroids, immunomodulators and biologics.
Abscesses and fistulas are drained and treated with antibiotics.
Nearly half of patients require at least one surgery to manage recurrent intestinal obstructions or complicated fistulas or abscesses. Surgical removal of the diseased parts of the bowel may improve symptoms temporarily, but is not a cure, because the disease is likely to recur, usually near the reconnected tissue.

Crohn’s disease is difficult to diagnose, because the symptoms overlap with other diseases. Physicals, x-rays, colonoscopies and biopsies aid in diagnosis.
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About the National Kidney Foundation:
Fueled by passion and urgency, National Kidney Foundation is a lifeline for all people affected by kidney disease. As pioneers of scientific research and innovation, NKF focuses on the whole patient through the lens of kidney health. Relentless in our work, we enhance lives through action, education and accelerating change.

Follow NKF at:
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Policy Cure Research launched the 2022 G-FINDER Neglected Disease report on January 31st, 2023. The report provides headline funding figures and trend analyses for global investment into research and development of new products to prevent, diagnose, control or cure neglected diseases in developing countries.

The launch event covered highlights from the latest report and included the following:
0:00 Welcome and introduction by Maya Goldstein
4:21 Presentation of the report’s key findings by Dr Paul Barnsley
18:44 Keynote address by Dr Peter Hotez
35:42 Moderated discussion on the latest funding trends
45:35 Commentary by Dr Dirk Engels
50:06 Q&A with the audience

With:
Dr Peter Hotez
Dr Peter Hotez is Dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine and Professor of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology at Baylor College of Medicine. His full biography is available here: peterhotez.org

Dr Paul Barnsley
Dr Paul Barnsley is Senior Analyst at Policy Cures Research and lead author of the annual G-FINDER Neglected Disease report. Find out more at policycuresresearch.org/about-us/

Maya Goldstein
Maya Goldstein is Deputy Director of Research, Advocacy & Communications at Policy Cures Research and our Gender Lead. Find out more at policycuresresearch.org/about-us/

Dr Dirk Engels
Dirk Engels is the Former Director of the NTD programme at WHO and now Senior Adviser at Uniting to Combat Neglected Diseases.
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