In this video Dr Vikram Mhaskar is telling about Ligament Injury. If someone has a ligament injury, then what are its symptoms, what is its treatment, how is its surgery done, and how many days will be its recovery after having ligament surgery or what not to do after ligament surgery.
So watch this video complete for ligament surgery, its examination and its treatment.

00:00 What is Ligament(ACL)
01:47 What is the work of Ligament?
02:07 How does the Ligament break?
02:40 Motion impact in Ligament Injury
03:10 Symptoms of Ligament injury.
03:45 What to do after Ligament injury
04:04 Diagnose Ligament Injury
05:24 Treatment of Ligament injury
07:52 Biological Ligament
08:48 EveryLigament is Unique
09:23 Recovery after Ligament surgery?
10:08 What to do after Ligament surgery?
10:28 Avoid activity after Ligament surgery
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Dr. Vikram Mhaskar
Knee & Shoulder Surgeon
MBBS, MS Ortho, MCh Ortho (UK)
Fellowship Knee Surgery (Australia, France)

Sitaram Bhartia Institute Of Sciences & Research
Address: B-16, Qutab Institutional Area
New Delhi, 110016
Monday to Saturday
10 AM – 02:00 PM

Dr. Vikram Mhaskar did his MBBS and MS (Orthopaedics) from the world-renowned St John’s Medical College Hospital Bangalore. He then went on to get himself certified by the Education Commission For Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) USA.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Practice Locations
Knee & Shoulder Clinic
C8/8176 Vasant Kunj Opp Indian Spinal Injuries Centre Entry to C8 (Gate no 15) New Delhi 110070
Mon-Sat 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm

Knee & Shoulder Clinic
F7 East Of Kailash Opp Metro Pillar No 85 New Delhi 110065
Mon, Fri 12:00 pm – 2:00 pm

Sitaram Bhartia Institute Of Sciences & Research
Address: B-16, Qutab Institutional Area
New Delhi, 110016
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#ligamentpainrelief , acl surgery,ligament surgery
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What Are the Common Orthopedic Injuries Kya Hain In Urdu/Hindi | Knee Injuries | Shoulder Injury | Fractures

Dr. MA Wajid, one of the best Orthopedic Surgeon in Lahore talks about common Orthopedic Problems and Disorders, and what are their typical Symptoms. To book a personal appointment with an Orthopedic surgeons visit the following links: https://oladoc.com/pakistan/lahore/orthopedic-surgeon?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=M._A._Wajid&utm_content=Orthopedic_Injuries
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If you prefer to get in-person advice, book an appointment with Dr. M.A. Wajid (Orthopedic Surgeon in Lahore) by visiting https://oladoc.com/pakistan/lahore/dr/orthopedic-surgeon/m-a-wajid/1200?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=M._A._Wajid&utm_content=Orthopedic_Injuries

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In this informative video titled “Colon Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment,” we delve deep into the critical aspects of colon cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide.

What You Will Learn:
Symptoms: Understand the common and surprising signs of colon cancer, including changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, and unexplained weight loss.

Diagnosis: Explore the various diagnostic methods used to detect colon cancer early, such as colonoscopy and blood tests.

Treatment Options: Discover the range of treatment strategies available, from surgery to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, tailored to individual needs based on cancer stage and patient health.

Join us as we empower you with knowledge that could help in early detection and effective management of colon cancer.

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Dr. Matilda Hagan, with Mercy Medical Center, talks about Crohn’s disease.
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(USMLE topics) Crohn disease: pathophysiology, symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications, diagnosis and treatments. This video is available for instant download licensing here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/narrated-videos-by-topics/digestive-diseases/-/medias/47f8d399-6671-487c-909c-2ed1eb5b6a77-crohn-s-disease-narrated-animation
Voice by: Ashley Fleming
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
Support us on Patreon and get early access to videos and free image downloads: patreon.com/AlilaMedicalMedia
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Crohn’s disease is one of the 2 major forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation caused by Crohn’s disease may affect any parts of the gastrointestinal tract, but it most commonly involves the end of the small bowel, the ileum, and the beginning of the colon. The inflammation is not continuous, inflamed segments are usually interrupted by normal healthy tissues.
Most people experience recurrent flares, when the disease is active, followed by symptom-free periods of remission.
Symptoms may differ depending on the parts of the digestive tract that are affected. Most common signs include diarrhea, abdominal pain and tenderness, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue and fever. Blood in stools occurs when the colon is involved; nausea and vomiting are usually the signs that the stomach or the first part of the small intestine is affected. About one third of patients present with perianal disease, including abscess, fistulas and ulcers. The disease also often manifests outside the intestine, especially in the joints, skin, and eyes.
Inflammation in Crohn’s disease extends to the entire thickness of the intestinal wall. Deep lesions in the mucosa often alternate with areas of mucosal swelling, creating a characteristic cobblestoned appearance. Extensive inflammation may cause thickening of the bowel wall and hypertrophy of the mesenteric fat that wraps around the intestine (creeping fat). Intestinal wall thickening, together with scar formation, may block the flow of digestive content, leading to bowel obstruction. Ulcers can extend through the bowel wall and form tunnels, called fistulas, which may connect to other loops of the intestine, to abdominal organs, muscles and even skin. A fistula may become infected and form abscesses, which can be life-threatening if not treated. In the long-term, Crohn’s disease may increase risks for colon cancers.
The disease has a major peak of onset between the age of 20 and 30, and a smaller peak later in life. White individuals, people with family history, and smokers are at higher risks.
The exact mechanism of Crohn’s disease is not fully understood, but it likely involves both genetic and environmental factors. Multiple genes are identified, most of which act in the immune system, or in maintaining the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier. This barrier separates the gut content from the underlying immune system, preventing the body from reacting to dietary antigens and resident bacteria of the gut. A crack in the barrier may increase the chance that the immune system overreacts to non-pathogenic antigens from the gut content.
Involvement of environmental factors is evidenced by higher disease incidence in developed countries, especially urban areas.
Diagnosis is made based on a combination of tests and imaging procedures.
Treatments start with dietary management to maintain good nutrition but avoid foods that may exacerbate symptoms. Some patients may benefit from nutrition therapy, a special diet given via a feeding tube or injected into a vein. The therapy provides nutrition while allowing the bowel to rest, reducing inflammation.
A number of medications can be prescribed depending on disease severity and the patient’s response to different drugs. These may include: antidiarrheals, anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, corticosteroids, immunomodulators and biologics.
Abscesses and fistulas are drained and treated with antibiotics.
Nearly half of patients require at least one surgery to manage recurrent intestinal obstructions or complicated fistulas or abscesses. Surgical removal of the diseased parts of the bowel may improve symptoms temporarily, but is not a cure, because the disease is likely to recur, usually near the reconnected tissue.

Crohn’s disease is difficult to diagnose, because the symptoms overlap with other diseases. Physicals, x-rays, colonoscopies and biopsies aid in diagnosis.
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What is multiple sclerosis? Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and progressive neurological disease that results in neuronal cell death, which can lead to a variety of symptoms. Find our full video library only on Osmosis: http://osms.it/more.

Join millions of current and future clinicians who learn by Osmosis, along with hundreds of universities around the world who partner with Osmosis from Elseiver to make medical and health education more engaging and efficient. We have unparalleled tools and materials to prepare you for success in school, on your board exams, and as a future clinician. Sign up for a free trial at http://osms.it/more. If you’re interested in exploring an institutional partnership, visit osmosis.org/educators to request a personalized demo.

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Medical disclaimer: Osmosis from Elsevier does not provide medical advice. Osmosis from Elsevier and the content available on the Osmosis from Elsevier properties (Osmosis.org, YouTube, and other channels) do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed healthcare provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare professional with any questions you have regarding a medical condition.

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This is a brief video on non-hereditary demyleinating disorders.

I created this presentation with Google Slides.
Image were created or taken from Wikimedia Commons
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor.

ADDITIONAL TAGS:
Acquired demyelinating diseases
Non-hereditary diseases in which normally-formed myelin degenerates as a result of insult on myelin or oligodendrocytes with preservation of the axons
Multiple sclerosis
Acute disseminated encephalo-
myelitis
Progressive multifocal leukoenceph-
alopathy
Leukoenceph-
alopathy associated
with AIDS
Central
pontine myelinolysis
By BruceBlaus – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=44926477

Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Most common chronic CNS disorder in young adults (up to 1/1000)
Perivascular inflammation
Shows both acute and chronic lesions (polyphasic)
Acute: loss of oligodendrocytes; reactive astrocytes/macrophages
Chronic: fibrous astrocyte gliosis
Diagnosed with MRI and oligoclonal IgG bands in CSF (but not in serum)
RIGHT: abundant neutrophils and macrophages infiltrate where myelin is missing (top-left of image)
Distinct lesion edge
Multiple sclerosis
Acute disseminated encephalo-
myelitis
Progressive multifocal leukoenceph-
alopathy
Leukoenceph-
alopathy associated
with AIDS
Central
pontine myelinolysis
By Marvin 101 – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2846763

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Resembles MS (sometimes called borderline form of MS)
Thought to follow viral infection (flu, MMR, herpes)
Perivenous inflammation
Loss of white matter to the vessels, histo shows macrophages
Monophasic lesions in white matter
Multiple sclerosis
Acute disseminated encephalo-
myelitis
Progressive multifocal leukoenceph-
alopathy
Leukoenceph-
alopathy associated
with AIDS
Central
pontine myelinolysis

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Caused by the papovavirus JC virus
Most people have positive serology for JC (infected), with virus kept under control
Complication for immunocompromised patients (AIDS)
Early stage: multiple demyelination foci in white matter
Late stage: growing necrotic lesion involves cortex
Histo:
Macrophages engulfing myelin debris; not many other WBCs bc immunocompromised
Large, bizarre, transformed astrocytes
Enlarged oligodendroglial nuclei
Multiple sclerosis
Acute disseminated encephalo-
myelitis
Progressive multifocal leukoenceph-
alopathy
Leukoenceph-
alopathy associated
with AIDS
Central
pontine myelinolysis

Leukoencephalopathy associated with AIDS
Perivascular giant cells (multinucleated, with HIV antigens)
Release toxic cytokines that play role in pathogenesis
Causes AIDS dementia
Pallor of cerebral white matter (myelin degeneration not seen on histo)
Normal CT on left, AIDS brain on right
Multiple sclerosis
Acute disseminated encephalo-
myelitis
Progressive multifocal leukoenceph-
alopathy
Leukoenceph-
alopathy associated with AIDS
Central
pontine myelinolysis
LEFT:
By Afiller (talk) (Uploads) – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23542660

RIGHT:
Public domain (government work)

Central pontine myelinolysis
Pathogenesis
Patients have chronic, severe hyponatremia (low Na)
Intracellular adaptations (cells pump out other osmoles) to compensate
Patients treated with saline to increase serum tonicity
Cells can’t decompensate fast enough, causes shearing of the myelin cells
Predominantly iatrogenic
Demyelination is worse at base of pons (sometimes lateral geniculate bodies and internal/external capsules → osmotic myelinolysis)
Multiple sclerosis
Acute disseminated encephalo-
myelitis
Progressive multifocal leukoenceph-
alopathy
Leukoenceph-
alopathy associated
with AIDS
Central
pontine myelinolysis
Pontine perivascular fibers hypointense to the rest of the pons
By Jto410 – clinical work as a radiologist, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25606029
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Hi guys. Its me again. I have here a very interesting topic, a very common problem in Veterinary Medicine that most furparents and furbabies are experiencing. I hope this video could help you and guide you if ever your dog will experience it. 😉

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DISCLAIMER: All views, practices and opinion shared in this video does not represent other practitioner’s protocol and the whole Veterinary Community. This is only for the purpose of sharing basic infos, for instance of emergency cases, proceed to the nearest Vet clinic for proper diagnosis, treatment and course of action.
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Experts Marla Dubinsky, MD; Stephen B. Hanauer, MD; and William J. Sandborn, MD, share insight on the diagnostic process for Crohn’s disease and how to differentiate it from similarly presenting disorders.
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Helicobacter pylori, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral (helical) bacterium usually found in the stomach.[5] Its helical shape (from which the genus name, helicobacter, derives) is thought to have evolved in order to penetrate the mucoid lining of the stomach and thereby establish infection.[7][8] The bacterium was first identified in 1982 by Australian doctors Barry Marshall and Robin Warren.[9][10][11] H. pylori has been associated with lymphomas of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the stomach, esophagus, colon, rectum, or tissues around the eye (termed extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the cited organ),[12][13] and of lymphoid tissue in the stomach (termed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma).[14]

H. pylori infection usually has no symptoms but sometimes causes gastritis (stomach inflammation) or ulcers of the stomach or first part of the small intestine. The infection is also associated with the development of certain cancers occurring in less than 20% of cases.[15] Many investigators have suggested that H. pylori causes or prevents a wide range of other diseases, but many of these relationships remain controversial.[16][17][18][19]

Some studies suggest that H. pylori plays an important role in the natural stomach ecology, e.g. by influencing the type of bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract.[15][18] Other studies suggest that non-pathogenic strains of H. pylori may beneficially normalize stomach acid secretion,[20] and regulate appetite.[20]

In 2015, it was estimated that over 50% of the world’s population had H. pylori in their upper gastrointestinal tracts[6] with this infection (or colonization) being more common in developing countries.[4] In recent decades, however, the prevalence of H. pylori colonization of the gastrointestinal tract has declined in many countries.[21] Up to 90% of people infected with H. pylori never experience symptoms or complications.[22] However, individuals infected with H. pylori have a 10% to 20% lifetime risk of developing peptic ulcers.[23][24] Acute infection may appear as an acute gastritis with abdominal pain (stomach ache) or nausea.[3] Where this develops into chronic gastritis, the symptoms, if present, are often those of non-ulcer dyspepsia: Stomach pains, nausea, bloating, belching, and sometimes vomiting.[25][26] Pain typically occurs when the stomach is empty, between meals, and in the early morning hours, but it can also occur at other times. Less common ulcer symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.

Bleeding in the stomach can also occur as evidenced by the passage of black stools; prolonged bleeding may cause anemia leading to weakness and fatigue. If bleeding is heavy, hematemesis, hematochezia, or melena may occur. Inflammation of the pyloric antrum, which connects the stomach to the duodenum, is more likely to lead to duodenal ulcers, while inflammation of the corpus (i.e. body of the stomach) is more likely to lead to gastric ulcers.[27][28] Individuals infected with H. pylori may also develop colorectal[29][30] or gastric[31] polyps, i.e. non-cancerous growths of tissue projecting from the mucous membranes of these organs. Usually, these polyps are asymptomatic but gastric polyps may be the cause of dyspepsia, heartburn, bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract, and, rarely, gastric outlet obstruction[31] while colorectal polyps may be the cause of rectal bleeding, anemia, constipation, diarrhea, weight loss, and abdominal pain.[32]

Individuals with chronic H. pylori infection have an increased risk of acquiring a cancer that is directly related to this infection.[12][13][23][24] These cancers are stomach adenocarcinoma, less commonly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the stomach,[14] or extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of the stomach,[33][34] or, more rarely, of the colon,[13][34] rectum,[35] esophagus,[36] or ocular adenexa (i.e. orbit, conjunctiva, and/or eyelids).[37][38] The signs, symptoms, pathophysiology, and diagnoses of these cancers are given in the cited linkages.
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The Helicobacter Pylori (also known as H. Pylori) bacteria has been known to cause 84% of all stomach cancers!

Watch to find out more about H. Pylori, how you can be diagnosed with H. Pylori infection, and if you have been infected, the available treatment options.

If you want to know more, book a consultation with your gastroenterologist to evaluate your condition and to see if you require further investigations with your symptoms.

–
If you would like to learn more about all fields of digestive disorders, you are welcome to follow us at:

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What is Wilson’s disease (Wilson disease)? You usually take in more copper than your body needs every day, and any excess is excreted. Find more videos at http://osms.it/more.

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Medical disclaimer: Knowledge Diffusion Inc (DBA Osmosis) does not provide medical advice. Osmosis and the content available on Osmosis’s properties (Osmosis.org, YouTube, and other channels) do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed health care provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition.
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There is much interest in the role of nutrients and micronutrients in the support of host defense against infections. However, there is controversy in the ability of supplements to help prevent or treat infections. Speakers will discuss research on the role of vitamin D supplements to prevent and/or treat recurrent ear infections in children and even the common cold.

Susanna Esposito, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
David R. Murdoch, Univ. of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand

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Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or simply Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses.Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time, some people begin to bleed both internally and externally.The disease has a high risk of death, killing 25% to 90% of those infected, with an average of about 50%. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows 6 to 16 days after symptoms appear.

The virus spreads through direct contact with body fluids, such as blood from infected humans or other animals. Spread may also occur from contact with items recently contaminated with bodily fluids.Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may carry the virus for several weeks to months.Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it.Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.
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In March 2014, the Ministry of Health of Guinea notified the World Health Organization of an Ebola virus disease outbreak in the south-eastern part of the country. This video was produced in April 2014. The virus rapidly spread to the capital, Conakry, as well as to neighbouring countries, such as Liberia. This is the first Ebola outbreak in West Africa. WHO, along with partners in the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) and other international organizations, responded to requests from countries and deployed doctors and nurses, laboratory technicians, epidemiologists, logisticians, and other support staff to Conakry and other affected locations.
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