DKD, or diabetic nephropathy: pathophysiology, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis and management. For patient education. This video is available for instant download licensing here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/narrated-videos-by-topics/diabetes/-/medias/0079bcc6-2a8f-48d6-947d-57b464d2e271-diabetic-kidney-disease-narrated-animation
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
Voice by : Marty Henne
Support us on Patreon and get early access to videos and free image downloads: patreon.com/AlilaMedicalMedia
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Diabetic kidney disease, or diabetic nephropathy, is kidney disease caused by diabetes. It’s a very common diabetic complication, affecting about one third of people with diabetes type 1, and half of those with diabetes type 2. Diabetic kidney disease is responsible for most of the excess mortality associated with diabetes.
Because the kidneys remove metabolic wastes, control blood pH, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as produce several hormones; loss of kidney function results in accumulation of toxic wastes, electrolyte imbalances, and a number of other health problems.
The disease develops slowly over time, progressing from renal insufficiency to end-stage renal failure. Often, initial loss of renal tissue does not produce any symptoms. Symptoms typically appear when a significant portion of kidney function is already lost. The ability to concentrate urine is usually the first to be impaired, resulting in frequent trips to the bathroom, especially at night. Other early signs include fatigue, loss of appetite, and decreased mental ability.
Chronic high blood glucose levels, together with high blood pressure caused by diabetes, bring damage to tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, affecting their functions. Cellular degeneration in the functional units of the kidneys, the nephrons, in particular the podocytes of renal glomeruli, further contributes to the impairment of renal functions.
Diabetes, especially when poorly managed, is the biggest risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Other risk factors are the same as those for high blood pressure and include smoking, having high cholesterol levels, and being overweight.
Because initial loss of renal tissue does not produce any symptoms, it is important for diabetic patients to test annually for kidney functions. The tests typically include blood and urine analysis.
Prevention and management strategies consist of controlling blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels; all of which can be achieved with a combination of lifestyle changes and medications.
Lifestyle measures typically include a healthy diet with low salt intake, increased physical activity, weight management, and smoking cessation.
Among all blood pressure lowering medications, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, which block the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, work best to protect kidney functions.
End-stage kidney disease requires dialysis or kidney transplantation.

Chronic Kidney Disease | CKD | kidney disease symptoms | kidney failure | how to reverse kidney disease | kidney disease prognosis | kidney disease signs

10 signs and symptoms of chronic kidney diseases, and 9 measures to lower your risk.

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive condition. Chronic kidney disease is more prevalent in older individuals, women and in people experiencing diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

Sign and symptoms that may be seen in kidney diseases:

Tiredness, having less energy or having trouble concentrating. 
Trouble sleeping
Dry and itchy skin 
Urge to urinate more often
Blood in your urine
Your urine is foamy
Puffy eyes
Swollen ankles and feet 
Poor appetite
Muscle cramping.

Few Golden Rules of Prevention to lower your chances of getting kidney disease are:

1. Getting regular check-ups with 2 simple tests: a urine test and blood test. A urine test called albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). A blood test called glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 

2. Maintaining Blood Pressure
High blood pressure can damage your kidneys and increase your chances of getting kidney disease. 

3. Manage Blood Sugar
High blood sugar levels can cause blood vessels inside the kidney to become narrow and clogged and can cause damage to the blood vessels and harm the kidneys. 

4. Eat a Healthy Diet
A healthy diet can help lower blood pressure and blood lipids (fat in the blood). 

5. Exercise
Exercise can help you keep a healthy weight, control blood pressure and cholesterol, build strength and endurance, and lower your chances of getting kidney disease. 

6. Quit Smoking
Smoking causes diseases in every organ of the body, including the kidneys. 

7. Do not overuse medicines:
Using too much pain medicine like NSAIDs may cause kidney disease.

8. Limit alcohol intake:
Alcohol increases your blood pressure. The extra calories in it can make you gain weight, too

10. Ask your health care provider the few questions about your kidney health that are mentioned in our video.

#kidneydisease
#kidneyhealth
#chronickidneydisease
#kidney

Medical disclaimer: Medinaz Academy does not provide medical advice. The content available in our books and videos, on our website, or on our social media handles do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. We intend to provide educational information only. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed health care provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition.

Share this page:

(USMLE topics) Crohn disease: pathophysiology, symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications, diagnosis and treatments. This video is available for instant download licensing here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/narrated-videos-by-topics/digestive-diseases/-/medias/47f8d399-6671-487c-909c-2ed1eb5b6a77-crohn-s-disease-narrated-animation
Voice by: Ashley Fleming
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
Support us on Patreon and get early access to videos and free image downloads: patreon.com/AlilaMedicalMedia
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Crohn’s disease is one of the 2 major forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation caused by Crohn’s disease may affect any parts of the gastrointestinal tract, but it most commonly involves the end of the small bowel, the ileum, and the beginning of the colon. The inflammation is not continuous, inflamed segments are usually interrupted by normal healthy tissues.
Most people experience recurrent flares, when the disease is active, followed by symptom-free periods of remission.
Symptoms may differ depending on the parts of the digestive tract that are affected. Most common signs include diarrhea, abdominal pain and tenderness, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue and fever. Blood in stools occurs when the colon is involved; nausea and vomiting are usually the signs that the stomach or the first part of the small intestine is affected. About one third of patients present with perianal disease, including abscess, fistulas and ulcers. The disease also often manifests outside the intestine, especially in the joints, skin, and eyes.
Inflammation in Crohn’s disease extends to the entire thickness of the intestinal wall. Deep lesions in the mucosa often alternate with areas of mucosal swelling, creating a characteristic cobblestoned appearance. Extensive inflammation may cause thickening of the bowel wall and hypertrophy of the mesenteric fat that wraps around the intestine (creeping fat). Intestinal wall thickening, together with scar formation, may block the flow of digestive content, leading to bowel obstruction. Ulcers can extend through the bowel wall and form tunnels, called fistulas, which may connect to other loops of the intestine, to abdominal organs, muscles and even skin. A fistula may become infected and form abscesses, which can be life-threatening if not treated. In the long-term, Crohn’s disease may increase risks for colon cancers.
The disease has a major peak of onset between the age of 20 and 30, and a smaller peak later in life. White individuals, people with family history, and smokers are at higher risks.
The exact mechanism of Crohn’s disease is not fully understood, but it likely involves both genetic and environmental factors. Multiple genes are identified, most of which act in the immune system, or in maintaining the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier. This barrier separates the gut content from the underlying immune system, preventing the body from reacting to dietary antigens and resident bacteria of the gut. A crack in the barrier may increase the chance that the immune system overreacts to non-pathogenic antigens from the gut content.
Involvement of environmental factors is evidenced by higher disease incidence in developed countries, especially urban areas.
Diagnosis is made based on a combination of tests and imaging procedures.
Treatments start with dietary management to maintain good nutrition but avoid foods that may exacerbate symptoms. Some patients may benefit from nutrition therapy, a special diet given via a feeding tube or injected into a vein. The therapy provides nutrition while allowing the bowel to rest, reducing inflammation.
A number of medications can be prescribed depending on disease severity and the patient’s response to different drugs. These may include: antidiarrheals, anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, corticosteroids, immunomodulators and biologics.
Abscesses and fistulas are drained and treated with antibiotics.
Nearly half of patients require at least one surgery to manage recurrent intestinal obstructions or complicated fistulas or abscesses. Surgical removal of the diseased parts of the bowel may improve symptoms temporarily, but is not a cure, because the disease is likely to recur, usually near the reconnected tissue.

Crohn’s disease is difficult to diagnose, because the symptoms overlap with other diseases. Physicals, x-rays, colonoscopies and biopsies aid in diagnosis.
Video Rating: / 5

Share this page:

We all hear about Ebola virus disease being deadly, but what really makes it so. Let’s try and understand how Ebola attacks the cells within the body which in turn leads to organ failure and then exigency. Read More: http://www.scientificanimations.com/ebola-virus-disease-moa-animation/

Share this page:

(USMLE topics) Pathophysiology of HDN, Signs and Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment options.
This video is available for instant download licensing here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/all-animations/heart-and-blood-circulation-videos/-/medias/3c52a09d-6812-4cf2-a9c4-98041f83f74d-hemolytic-disease-of-the-newborn-narrated-animation
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
Voice by Ashley Fleming

Support us on Patreon and gain early access to our videos and FREE images downloads: patreon.com/AlilaMedicalMedia

All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn, HDN, is a condition in which red blood cells of a newborn infant, or a perinatal fetus, are destroyed prematurely, resulting in anemia. HDN occurs when the blood types of the mother and baby are incompatible. A blood type refers to the presence or absence of a certain antigen, on the surface of a person’s red blood cells. Incompatibility happens when the baby has an antigen that the mother does not have. The mother’s immune system interprets the antigen as “foreign” and produces antibodies to target the cells carrying it for destruction.
While in principle HDN may occur with mismatch in any blood group, severe cases most commonly involve D-antigen of the Rh system. Specifically, HDN may develop if an Rh-negative mother, having no D-antigen, carries an Rh-positive fetus, with D-antigen. The first mismatch pregnancy, however, is usually not at risk. This is because the placenta normally does a good job separating the mother’s blood from the fetal blood, preventing the fetal red blood cells from being exposed to the mother’s immune system. However, at birth, or if a miscarriage or abortion occurs, the tearing of the placenta exposes fetal blood to the mother, who then responds by producing anti-D antibodies. Because antibody production takes some time, it does not affect the first baby; but if the mother is again pregnant with another Rh-positive fetus, her antibodies, being small enough to cross the placenta, can now cause hemolysis.
The first mismatch pregnancy may be at risk if the mother has previously been exposed to the antigen in other ways, such as through blood transfusion or sharing needles, or if the placental barrier is breached because of trauma, or medical procedures early in the pregnancy.
Anemia can cause heart failure, respiratory distress, and edema. Infants born with HDN also develop jaundice due to the accumulation of bilirubin, a yellow product of hemoglobin breakdown. Because red blood cells are destroyed rapidly and infants are unable to excrete bilirubin effectively, its levels rise quickly within 24h of birth. Bilirubin is toxic for brain tissues and may cause irreversible brain damage in a condition known as kernicterus. Other signs of HDN include enlarged liver, spleen, and presence of immature red blood cells, erythroblasts, in the blood. Some of these signs can be detected before birth, with ultrasound imaging.
HDN that involves D-antigen can now be effectively prevented with anti-D antibody. It is given to Rh-negative mothers during and soon after the first mismatch pregnancy. The antibody binds to fetal blood cells that leak into the mother’s blood, either destroying them, or hiding them from the mother’s immune system, thus preempting the mother’s immune response.
Infants born with HDN are usually treated with intravenous fluid, and phototherapy, a procedure in which a certain spectrum of light is used to convert bilirubin to a form that is easier for the infant to excrete.
Severe anemia may be treated with:
– blood transfusion,
– intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy, which works by blocking the destruction of antibody-coated red blood cells.
– and exchange transfusion, where the baby’s blood is essentially replaced with Rh-negative donor blood. This procedure is very effective at removing bilirubin and reducing the destructive effect of the mother’s antibody, but may have adverse effects.

Share this page:

A variety of diseases are categorized as Demyelinating Diseases.

————————————————————-
1300+ Medical Courses Lectures.
Try for FREE! – https://www.sqadia.com/pages/v-learning
————————————————————-

sqadia.com has brought a short Demyelinating Diseases Animation video that provides basic information about the types of Demyelinating Diseases, their causes, symptoms, and diagnosis for quick understanding.

————————————————————-
Lecture Duration – 00:39:18
Release Date – March 2020

Watch complete lecture on sqadia.com –
https://www.sqadia.com/programs/demyelinating-diseases
————————————————————-

For thorough insight into the Demyelinating Diseases, watch the complete lecture at sqadia.com.

————————————————————-
Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/sqadiacom
Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/sqadiacom
LinkedIN – https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/sqadia-com
Pinterest – https://www.pinterest.com/sqadiacom
TumblR – https://sqadiacom.tumblr.com
Twitter – https://twitter.com/sqadiacom
Vimeo – https://vimeo.com/sqadiacom
YouTube – https://www.youtube.com/sqadiacom
————————————————————-
Video Rating: / 5

Share this page: